Surgery is a branch of medicine that evaluates and manages diseases and injuries that need to be treated with an operation.
The goal of surgery is to remove (e.g., appendectomy
, resection of a tumor), repair (e.g., suturing a deep cut in the skin), or reconstruct (e.g., herniorrhaphy
With a mesh graft) tissue lesions of any kind.
Surgery is a fast-paced specialty that requires the very good collaboration of a multidisciplinary team (e.g., surgeons, anesthesiologists, operating room nurses, etc.) to function smoothly.
Subspecialties: Surgery is divided into a wide range of specialties and subspecialties
Rectal surgery
Orthopedic surgery
Pediatric surgery
Neurological surgery
Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Otorhinolaryngology
Plastic surgery
Urology
Surgical oncology
Trauma surgery
Transplant surgery
What does a surgeon do?
Primary role: It is a responsibility to establish the diagnosis and indication, perform the operation, and provide preoperative and postoperative care for the patient.
Daily life
A “typical day” varies greatly depending on specialty, presenting patients, daily assignments, and shift plan.
Surgeons spend a significant amount of time in the operating room (OR), where they perform procedures in a multidisciplinary team. Operations can according to their urgency:
On the hospital wards, surgeons are primarily responsible for postoperative patients.
In the outpatient clinic, surgeons see both preoperative patients (e.g., to establish the indication for operation) and postoperative follow-up patients.
Additionally, surgeons do consultations for other specialties.
Skills
For the management of surgical conditions, extensive knowledge of pathology and anatomy is important.
Diagnoses are establish using clinical skills (e.g., history and physical exam; H&P) and diagnostic tools (e.g., imaging and laboratory tests).
As surgical patients are often critically ill, surgeons need to be quick and confident at making important decisions concerning diagnostics and treatment.
During procedures, surgeons trained to work with focus, endurance, and precisions
Working as a general surgeon
The work of a general surgeonis typically very abroad.
They treat acute and chronic conditions affecting almost every part of the body, including the gastrointestinal organs, the abdominal wall, the endocrine system, the breast, the skin, and soft tissue
They are also responsible for the management of a broad spectrum of trauma injuries.
Typical procedures in general surgery include appendectomies, bowel resections
Nissen fundoplication
Adhesion removal (for bowel obstruction
As Emergency laparotomies, breastbiopsies, hemorrhoids, surgery, and thyroid surgery.
Training and career options
Residency programs in general surgery last a minimum of 5 years, with many lasting six years to include a year of research.
Those who seek out further specialization can accomplish this via fellowships, In cardiothoracic surgery, plastic surgery, trauma surgery, vascular surgery, transplant surgery, or surgical oncology.
After training, surgeons can pursue an academic career in the hospital or go into private practice.
